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Neurotech Source Booklet:
Regulatory and policy developments
2025 Edition

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Neurotechnology
1. Research conducted by individuals, companies, associations and universities
1.1. January
1.1.1. International

  • Francesco Cirillo, Neurolaw - Neurorights and Neuroprivacy: Theoretical and Constitutional Issues, Rivista di Diritto dei Media, numero speciale I-2024, MediaLaws, January 2025, accessible here; 

1.2. March
1.2.1. International

  • Jennifer Dickey, The Rise of Neurotech and the Risks for Our Brain Data, New America, Future Security, March 2025, accessible here; 

1.2.2. Europe
1.2.2.1. European Union

  • Rathenau Instituut, Neurotechnology, Rathenau Scan, March 2025, accessible here; 

1.3. April
1.3.1. International

  • Sameer Zuberi et al., European Charter for the Responsible Development of Neurotechnologies, European Brain Council (EBC), April 2025, accessible here; 

1.4. May
1.4.1. International

  • Rand Waltzman, Emerging Cognitive Threats, Irregular Warfare Center (IWC), accessible here; 

2. Reports, guidelines, recommendations and other documents published by regulatory and supervisory authorities, international organizations, and other public institutions and agencies
2.1. January
2.1.1. International

  • Secretary-General's Scientific Advisory Board  of the United Nations, Brief of the Scientific Advisory Board on: Neurotechnology, January 2025, accessible here; 

2.2. March
2.2.1. International

  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Final report on the draft Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology, CL/4499, March 2026, accessible here; 

2.3. April
2.3.1. North America
2.3.1.1. Canada

  • Verónica Arroyo, Emerging Uses of Neurotechnology, Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, April 2025, accessible here; 

2.4. May
2.4.1. Europe
2.4.1.1. European Union

  • Antonia Mochan et al., Emerging applications of neurotechnology and their implications for EU governance - A technology foresight study, EU Policy Lab, Unit S.1, Foresight, Design and Behavioural Insights, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, May 2025, accessible here; 

2.5. June

2.5.1. International

  • World Health Organization (WHO), Landscape analysis of the opportunities and challenges for neurotechnology in global health, June 2025, accessible here; 

2.5.2. South America
2.5.2.1. Brazil

  • Diego Carvalho Machado Angela Halen Claro Franco & Eduardo André Viana Alves, Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANDP), neurotecnologias («neurotechnologies»), radar tecnológico N.º 4, June 2025, accessible here; 

2.6. November

2.6.1. International

  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Draft Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology, November 2025, accessible here; 

2.7. December

2.7.1. International

  • Janet Martha Blatny & Søndergaard Steen, Cognitive Warfare, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Science & Technology Organization (STO), NATO Chief Scientist Research Report, December 2025, accessible here;

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