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Robotics, autonomous systems & intelligent automation
1. Research conducted by individuals, companies, associations and universities
1.1. January
1.1.1. International

• Qincheng Sheng et al., A Comprehensive Review of Humanoid Robots, Wiley, SmartBot, January 2025, accessible here; 

1.2. February
1.2.1. International

• Adam Jonas et al., The Humanoid 100: Mapping the Humanoid Robot Value Chain, Morgan Stanley, February 2025, accessible here; 

• Mohamed F. Shehta et al., Legal Challenges of Humanizing Robots. A Study of the Responsibility and Autonomy of Robots Equipped with Artificial Intelligence, in International Journal of Education and Information Technologies, Volume 19, February 2025, pp. 21-32, accessible here; 

1.3. April
1.3.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Boston Consulting Group (BCG), Autonomous Vehicles: Timeline and Roadmap Ahead, April 2025, accessible here; 

• Bank of America Institute, Humanoid robots 101, Transformation, April 2025, acessible here; 

1.4. May
1.4.1. International

• Allen Chang et al., Robotaxi - China’s Robotaxi market - the road to commercialization, Global Technology, Equity Research, Goldman Sachs, May 2025, accessible here; 

1.5. June
1.5.1. International

• Allianz, No country for old robots: How can Europe leap over the robotics tech frontier?, Allianz Research, June 2025, accessible here; 

• Xiaojun An, The typification of infringement issues of humanoid robots: with special reference to the governance of infringement caused by  learning algorithms, in Advances in Social Behavior Research, Vol.16 Issue 5, EWA Publishing, June 2025, accessible here; 

1.6. July
1.6.1. International

• McKinsey & Company, The robotics revolution: Scaling beyond the pilot phase, July 2025, accessible here; 

1.7. September
1.7.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Boston Consulting Group, Physical AI: Powering the New Age of Industrial Operations, September 2025, accessible here; 

1.8. October

1.8.1. International

• Ani Kelkar et al., Humanoid robots in the construction industry: A future vision, McKinsey & Company, October 2025, accessible here; 

1.8.2. North America
1.8.2.1. United States of America

• Jordan Francis & Justine Gluck, CCPA Regulations on Automated Decisionmaking Technology, Risk Assessments, and Cybersecurity Audits, Future of Privacy Forum, October 2025, accessible here; 

2. Reports, guidelines, recommendations and other documents published by regulatory and supervisory authorities, international organizations, and other public institutions and agencies
2.1. April
2.1.1. Europe
2.1.1.1. European Union

• Martin Böhme & Hervé Jeannin, Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee - The contribution of the robotics metaverse in the medical sector (own-initiative opinion), European Economic and Social Committee, C/2025/2008, Official Journal of the European Union, April 2025, accessible here; 

2.2. May
2.2.1. Europe
2.2.1.1. European Union

• Sebastian Clapp, Military drone systems in the EU and global context: Types, capabilities and regulatory frameworks, European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), European Parliament, May 2025, accessible here; 

2.4. September
2.4.1. Europe
2.4.1.1. European Union

• Biagio Ciuffo et al., Interpretation of EU Regulation 2022/1426 on the Type Approval of Automated Driving Systems - Addendum 2 on testing for type approval and Operational Design Domain, European Commission, September 2025, accessible here;

• European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), TechDispatch #2/2025 - Human Oversight of Automated Decision-Making, September 2025, accessible here; 

2.5. November

2.5.1. International

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Synthetic biology, AI and automation - A forward-looking technology assessment, November 2025, accessible here;

2.6. December

2.6.1. International

• Amnesty International, Algorithmic Accountability Toolkit - A guide to uncovering and challenging state automation, December 2025, accessible here; ​

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