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Quantum technology
1. Research conducted by individuals, companies, associations and universities
1.1. January
1.1.1. International

• World Economic Forum & Accenture, Embracing the Quantum Economy: A Pathway for Business Leaders, January 2025, accessible here; 

1.2. February
1.2.1. International

• Kasim Balarabe, "Quantum Computing and the Law: Navigating the Legal Implications of a Quantum Leap", in European Journal of Risk Regulation, 16(2), Cambridge University Press, February 2025, pp. 794-813, accessible here;

1.3. March
1.3.1. International

• World Economic Forum & Accenture, Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for ICT Leaders, March 2025, accessible here; 

• James Wong et al., Quantum State of play, Clifford Chance, Talking Tech, Emerging Tech, March 2025, accessible here;

1.4. April
1.4.1. International

• Gaurav Kwatra et al., AI and Quantum: Catalyst for Transformative Growth in Financial Services, Oliver Wyman, Global Finance & Technology Network (GFTN), April 2025, accessible here; 

1.4.2. North America
1.4.2.1. United States of America

• James Dimarogonas et al., The Quantum Age and Its Impacts on the Civil Justice System, Rand, Research Reports, April 2025, accessible here; 

1.5. May
1.5.1. International

• Post Quantum Cryptography Coalition (PQCC), Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Migration Roadmap, May 2025, accessible here;  

• Joseph Byrum, The Quantum-AI Revolution: How Quantum Computing & Language Models Will Reshape the Enterprise, Cutter - An Arthur Little Community, Amplify, May 2025, accessible here; 

1.6. June
1.6.1. International

• Henning Soller et al., Quantum Technology Monitor, McKinsey & Company, McKinsey Digital, accessible here; 

• Alexander Harrowell, State of Quantum - The latest trends in quantum featuring first-hand insights from global practitioners, IQM Quantum Computers, Omdia by informa techtarget, June 2025, Third Edition, accessible here; 

1.7. August
1.7.1. Europe
1.7.1.1. European Union

• European Quantum Industry Consortium (QuIC), QuIC Position Paper on the Quantum Europe Strategy, August 2025, accessible here; 

1.8. October
1.8.1. International

• Global Financial Markets Association (GFMA), Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME), Asia Securities Industry, & Financial Markets Association (ASIFMA) & Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), Quantum Migration: Mapping the Emerging Landscape, October 2025, accessible here; 

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Accenture, Quantum Technologies: Key Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chains, October 2025, accessible here; 

• Mastercard, Nanyang Technological University Singapore & PQStation, Migration to post-quantum cryptography Mastercard R&D white paper, October 2025, accessible here; 

1.9. December
1.9.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Accenture, Quantum Technologies: Strategic Imperatives for Health and Healthcare Leaders, December 2025, accessible here;

2. Reports, guidelines, recommendations and other documents published by regulatory and supervisory authorities, international organizations, and other public institutions and agencies
2.1. January
2.1.1. International

• Frank K. Wilhelm, et al., Status of quantum computer development, Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), January 2025, accessible here; 

• Andrés Barreneche, A quantum technologies policy primer, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Digital Economy Papers no. 371, January 2025, accessible here; 

2.2. February
2.2.1. International

• Europol, Quantum Safe Financial Forum - A call to action, Publications Office of the European Union, February 2025, accessible here; 

2.3. April
2.3.1. Europe
2.3.1.1. Netherlands

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Special Quantum Technology - Commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, April 2025, accessible here; 

2.4. May
2.4.1. Europe
2.4.1.1. Luxembourg

• Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Accelerating digital sovereignty 2030 - Luxembourg’s Quantum Strategy, May 2025, accessible here; 

2.5. June
2.5.1. Europe
2.5.1.1. European Union

• NIS Cooperation Group, A Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography - Part 1, Version: 1.1, EU PQC Workstream, June 2025, accessible here; 

2.6. July
2.6.1. International

• Raphael Auer et al., Quantum-readiness for the financial system: a roadmap, Bank for International Settlements (BIS), BIS Papers, No 158, July 2025, accessible here; 

• World Economic Forum & Accenture, Quantum Technologies: Key Strategies and Opportunities for Financial Services Leaders, July 2025, accessible here; 

2.6.2. Europe
2.6.2.1. European Union

• Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Quantum Europe Strategy: Quantum Europe in a Changing World, COM(2025) 363 final, July 2025, accessible here; 

2.7. October
2.7.1. Europe
2.7.1.1. European Union

• Adam Lewis et al., Future Directions for Quantum Technology in Europe - An analysis of policy questions, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, October 2025, accessible here; 

• Call for evidence for an impact assessment - EU Quantum Act, Directorate‑General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology / Unit C2 – Quantum Technologies, European Commission, October 2025, accessible here; 

2.7.1.2. United Kingdom

• Charlie Markham & Ross Grassie, Research Note: Quantum computing applications in financial services, Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), October 2025, accessible here; 

2.8. November
2.8.1. Europe
2.8.1.1. European Union

• Zsolt G. Pataki & Salvatore d'Ambrosio, Future-proofing the Quantum Europe Strategy for 2040, Policy Foresight Unit, PE 774.696, European Parliament, accessible here; 

2.9. December
2.9.1. International

• Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Project Leap - Quantum-proofing payment systems, Innovation Hub, December 2025, accessible here;

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) & European Patent Office (EPO), Mapping the global quantum ecosystem - A comprehensive analysis based on innovation, firm, investment, skills, trade and policy data, December 2025, accessible here;

• Andrés Barreneche, Maxime Benallaoua & Daniela Valenzuela, An overview of national strategies and policies for quantum technologies, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Digital Economy papers no. 379, December 2025, accessible here;

• Frank K. Wilhelm et al., Status of quantum computer development, Federal Office for Information Security (BSI), December 2025, accessible here & here;

3. Litigation & case-law
3.1. July
3.1.1. Europe
3.1.1.1. European Union​

• ​Commission decision of 2.7.2025 setting up Commission expert group of Top-Level Specialists in Quantum Technologies, C/2025/4454 final, European Commission, July 2025, accessible here; 

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