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A. Emerging digital technology & digital transformation
1. Research conducted by individuals, companies, associations and universities
1.1. January
1.1.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & McKinsey & Company, Europe in the Intelligent Age: From Ideas to Action, January 2025, accessible here; 

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Unlocking the Social Economy: Towards Equity in the Green and Digital Transitions, January 2025, accessible here; 

1.2. February

1.2.1. International

• Stanford University, The Stanford Emerging Technology Review 2025 - A Report on Ten Key Technologies and Their Policy Implications, February 2025, accessible here;

• Cigref, Geopolitics and Digital Strategy Challenges and levers for action for digital departments, February 2025, accessible here;

1.2.2. Europe

1.2.2.1. European Union

• European University Institute, The impact of EU online platform regulation on EU productivity - A preliminary assessment, February 2025, accessible here;

1.3. March

1.3.1. International

• Aanault Lee, Transformative Technologies to Navigate - A World of Black Swans, FutureMatters, Global Finance & Technology Network (GFTN), March 2025, accessible here;

1.3.2. Europe
1.3.2.1. European Union

• Centre for Information Policy Leadership (CIPL) & PublicFirst, The Impact of Digital Advertising on Europe's Competitiveness: A Study on the Role of Digital Advertising in Europe, March 2025, accessible here; 

• European Crypto Initiative, DORA Booklet, March 2025, accessible here;

1.4. May

1.4.1. International

• World Economic Forum (in collaboration with Capgemini), Technology Convergence Report, May 2025, accessible here;

• PwC (in collaboration with ASSOCHAM), Nextgen technologies progressive food processing sector, May 2025, accessible here;

1.4.2. Europe

1.4.2.1. European Union

• Kai Zenner et al., The European Way - A Blueprint for Reclaiming our Digital Future, SSRN, May 2025, accessible here;

1.5. June
1.5.1. International

• World Economic Forum (in collaboration with Frontiers), Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2025, June 2025, accessible here;

• KPMG, 2025 Futures Report - Seizing opportunities in an era of disruption, June 2025, accessible here; 

• Ivan Mortimer-Schutts & Sophia Hasnain, Verified Machine Identity: Foundational Digital Infrastructure for Trusting Granular Green Data, FutureMatters, Global Finance & Technology Network (GFTN), June 2025, accessible here;

1.6. September

1.6.1. International

• Southeast Asia Public Policy Institute & The App Association (ACT), Digital Platform Regulation in APEC Economies: Empowering Innovation and Inclusive Growth - A Policy White Paper, September 2025, accessible here;

1.6.2. Asia

1.6.2.1. United Arab Emirates

• World Economic Forum (WEF), Ministry Of Foreign Trade, & Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development, Advancing Digital Trade: Insights from the UAE TradeTech Regulatory Sandbox, September 2025, accessible here; 

1.7. October
1.7.1. International

• ​International Turnkey Systems - ITS & IBS Intelligence, Next-Gen Islamic Core Banking: Built for Cloud, Ready for Compliance, October 2025, accessible here; 

• Limara Haque & Joyce O’Connor, Digital Literacy and the Essential Skills Shaping the Future, International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications (INATBA), Knowledge BYTES by INATBA – Issue No. 2, December 2025, accessible here; 

• World Economic Forum, Jobs of Tomorrow Technology and the Future of the World’s Largest Workforces, October 2025, accessible here;

1.8. November

1.8.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF), Shaping the Deep-Tech Revolution in Agriculture, November 2025, accessible here;

1.8.1.  Europe

1.8.1.1. European Union

• Centre for Information Policy Leadership (CIPL), CIPL’s Big Ideas for Simplification of Europe’s Digital Rulebook, November 2025, accessible here;

1.9. December

1.9.1. International

• World Economic Forum (WEF) & Oliver Wyman, Nature Positive: Role of the Technology Sector, December 2025, accessible here;

• World Economic Forum (WEF), Four Futures for the New Economy: Geoeconomics and Technology in 2030, Scenarios for the Global Economy Dialogue Series, December 2025, accessible here;

• World Health Organization (WHO), Assistive technology progress assessment questionnaire - Tracking progress on access to assistive technology, December 2025, accessible here; 

2. Reports, guidelines, recommendations and other documents published by regulatory and supervisory authorities, international organizations, and other public institutions and agencies

2.1. January

2.1.1. Europe

2.1.1.1. European Union

• European Parliament, Improving the working conditions of platform workers, January 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Regulating dark patterns in the EU Towards digital fairness, January 2025, accessible here;

• European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), Towards Digital Clearinghouse 2.0, January 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Benefit of an EU strategic innovation agenda - Cost of non-Europe, January 2025, accessible here;

2.1.2. North America

2.1.2.1. United States of America

• The White House, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, January 2025, accessible here;

2.2. February

2.2.1. International

• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Technology Trends Future of Transportation, February 2025, accessible here;

• International Telecommunication Union & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Digital Agriculture A Standards Snapshot ITU/FAO Focus Group on AI and IoT for Digital Agriculture, February 2025, accessible here;

• OECD, How Innovation Ecosystems Foster Citizen Participation Using Emerging Technologies in Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands, February 2025, accessible here;

2.2.2. Europe

2.2.2.1. European Union

• European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Commission work programme 2025 - Moving forward together A Bolder, Simpler, Faster Union & annexes, February 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Towards a European Policy for Technology Infrastructures - Building Bridges to Competitiveness, February 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Weak signals in Science and Technologies - 2024 - Technologies at an early stage of development that could impact our future, February 2025, accessible here;

2.3. March

2.3.1. International

• World Bank Group, Digital Public Infrastructure and Development A World Bank Group Approach - Digital Transformation White Paper Volume 1, March 2025, accessible here;

2.3.2. Europe

2.3.2.1. European Union

• European Commission, Annex to the Commission Implementing Decision on the financing of the Digital Europe Programme and the adoption of the multiannual work programme for 2025–2027, March 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Study exploring the context, challenges, opportunities, and trends in algorithmic management, March 2025, accessible here;

2.4. April

2.4.1. International

• United Nations, 2025 Technology and Innovation Report - Inclusive Artificial Intelligence for Development, April 2025, accessible here;

• Marco Bianchini & Marta Lasheras Sancho, SME digitalisation for competitiveness - The 2025 OECD D4SME Survey, OECD, April 2025, accessible here;

• NATO, Science and Technology Trends Report 2025–2045, April 2025, accessible here;

• World Bank, Accelerating Growth through Entrepreneurship, Technology Adoption, and Innovation - Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, April 2025, accessible here;

• OECD, Tackling civic participation challenges with emerging technologies, April 2025, accessible here;

2.4.2. Europe

2.4.2.1. European Union

• European Court of Auditors, The EU’s strategy for microchips - Reasonable progress in its implementation but the Chips Act is very unlikely to be sufficient to reach the overly ambitious Digital Decade target, April 2025, accessible here;

• European Court of Auditors, Special report 13/2025 Support from the Recovery and Resilience Facility for the digital transition in EU member states – A missed opportunity for strategic focus in addressing digital needs, April 2025, accessible here;

2.4.3. Asia

2.4.3.1. Qatar

• Ministry of Communications and Information Technology of the Qatar Government, Qatar Digital Government, April 2025, accessible here;

2.5. May
2.5.1. International

• World Health Organization (WHO), Health technology assessment of medical devices - Second edition: WHO medical devices technical series, May 2025, accessible here; 

• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Issue brief on AI and digital transformation: capacity building in the public sector, G20 South Africa 2025, May 2025, accessible here; 

2.6.1. Europe

2.6.1.1. European Union

• European Parliament, Media literacy - Fostering a key civic skill in a digital information environment, May 2025, accessible here;
  Council of the European Union, Council conclusions on the assessment of the legal framework for audiovisual media services and video-sharing platform services, May 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Technology Infrastructures in the spotlight a strategic asset for European competitiveness, May 2025, accessible here;

2.6. June

2.6.1. International

• Omar Arias, Daisuke Fukuzawa, Duong Trung Le & Aaditya Mattoo, Future Jobs Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Platforms in East Asia and Pacific, World Bank Group, June 2025, accessible here;

• International Telecommunication Union & World Benchmarking Alliance, Greening Digital Companies Monitoring emissions and climate commitments, June 2025, accessible here;

2.6.1. Europe
2.6.1.1. European Union

• European Commission, Call for evidence for an evaluation and impact assessment run in parallel - Digital Networks Act, Directorate‑General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (Unit B1 - Electronic Communications Policy, Implementationand Enforcement), June 2025, accessible here; 

• European Commission, The EU sets out its International Digital Strategy, June 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Scaling up European innovation - What is the potential European added value of a 28th regime?, June 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, State of the Digital Decade 2025 Keep building the EU's sovereignty and digital future, June 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Evolution and/or disruption? Designing the next Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, June 2025, accessible here;

• Pierre-Mathieu P., Marcelina Grabowska & Michela Bergamini, Innovation trends in industrial biotechnology a patent landscape analysis, European Commission, June 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Unlocking the potential of dual-use research and innovation, June 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Report on European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure, June 2025, accessible here;

• René Repasi, Draft report with recommendations to the Commission on the 28th Regime a new legal framework for innovative companies, European Parliament, June 2025, accessible here;

2.6.1.2. Poland

• Council of the European Union, Outcomes of the discussions on simplification activities in the digital field - Balancing regulation and innovation in the technology-driven economy, June 2025, accessible here;

2.7. July

2.7.1. Europe

2.7.1.1. European Union

• European Commission, Call for evidence for an impact assessment - Digital Fairness Act, July 2025, accessible here;

• European Banking Authority (EBA), European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) & European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) Oversight of critical third-party providers - Guide on oversight activities, July 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, European Innovation Scoreboard, July 2025, accessible here;

​2.8. August

2.8.1. International​

• J20 South Africa 2025, Justice in a time of a change: independence, innovation and co-operation, G20, UNESCO, Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd, August 2025, accessible here;

2.8.2. North America

2.8.2.1. United States of America

• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Face Analysis Technology Evaluation (FATE) MORPH - Part 4B Considerations for Implementing Morph Detection in Operations, August 2025, accessible here;

2.9. September
2.9.1. International

• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Global Innovation Index 2025 - Executive Version, September 2025, accessible here; ​

• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads, September 2025, accessible here; 

• United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Guía para el establecimiento de un marco de gobernanza de gobierno digital para países de América Latina y el Caribe, LC/PUB.2025/13-P, September 2025, accessible here; 

• International Working Group on Digital Education, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland & UNICEF, Data Governance for EdTech Policy Recommendations, September 2025, accessible here;

2.9.2. Europe

2.9.2.1. European Union

• European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - 2025 Strategic Foresight Report - Resilience 2.0 Empowering the EU to thrive amid turbulence and uncertainty, September 2025, accessible here;

• Enrique Fernández-Macías et al., Work in the Digital Era How Technology is Transforming Work and Occupations, European Commission, September 2025, accessible here;

• European Digital Education Hub of the European Commission, The Future Learner (Digital) Education Reimagined for 2040, September 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Digital Omnibus (Digital Package on Simplification), September 2025, accessible here;

​2.10. October
2.10.1. International

• World Health Organization (WHO), Digital transformation handbook for health product catalogue, October 2025, accessible here;

• Mark West, An Ed-Tech Tragedy? Educational technologies and school closures in the time of COVID-19, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Routledge Books, October 2025, accessible here; 

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), The 2025 OECD definition of e-commerce & guidelines for interpretation, October 2025, accessible here;

• Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies, Cambridge Taxonomy of Digital Technology Risk, October 2025, accessible here;

• OECD, Measuring Science and Innovation for Sustainable Growth, October 2025, accessible here;

• OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2025 - Driving Change in a Shifting Landscape, October 2025, accessible here;

2.10.2. Europe
2.10.2.1. European Union

• Barbara De Micheli et al., Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace: Shaping the future of work - Cost of non-Europe, European Added Value Unit of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and Foresight, Directorate-General for European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), European Parliament, October 2025, accessible here;

• Analysys Mason & Axiom, Security and Resilience of EU Submarine Cable Infrastructures - Mapping, risk assessments, stress tests, Report by the Expert Group under Recommendation 2024/779 on Secure and Resilient Submarine Cable Infrastructures, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG Connect), Service Contract EC-CNECT/2024/OP/0070, European Commission, October 2025, accessible here; 

• Ignacio González Vázquez et al., Digital Monitoring, Algorithmic Management and the Platformisation of Work in Europe, European Commission, October 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace Shaping the future of work, October 2025, accessible here;

• Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology of the European Commission, Security and Resilience of EU Submarine Cable Infrastructures - Mapping, Risk Assessments, Stress Tests, October 2025, accessible here;

2.10.3. Asia

2.10.3.1. South Korea

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Digital Government Review of Korea - Harnessing Digital and Data to Transform Government, OECD Digital Government Studies, October 2025, accessible here;

2.11. November
2.11.1. International

• International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Global Connectivity Report 2025, November 2025, accessible here; 

• OECD, Boosting biotechnology innovation through agile regulation and finance instruments, November 2025, accessible here;

2.11.2. Europe
2.11.2.1. European Union

• Sofia Amaral-Garcia et al., Novel forms of contracting in the Digital Economy (CoDE) AIenabled autonomous contracting, European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, Directorate A - Justice Policies Unit A.1 - Digital Transition and Judicial Training, November 2025, accessible here;

• Spark, Timelex, ICF, & Wavestone, Novel forms of contracting in the digital economy - Final report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, Directorate A - Justice Policies Unit A.1 - Digital Transition and Judicial Training, November 2025, accessible here;

• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Digitalising Justice A fundamental rights-based approach, November 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document - Accompanying the documents Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus) & Amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689 and (EU) 2018/1139 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI), November 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Digital Fitness Check, November 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament, Digital sovereignty for Europe, November 2025, accessible here;

2.11.2. South America

2.11.2.1. Peru

• Ministerio Público - República del Perú, Plan de Gobierno Y Transformación Digital 2025-2027, November 2025, accessible here; 

2.12. December

2.12.1. International

• Thomas Jordan et al., Central banking in times of digitalisation and fragmentation, Bank for International Settlements – BIS, BIS papers no. 162, November 2025, accessible here; 

• Giorgia Bergamo et al., Deriving experimental estimates of digital trade, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), December 2025, accessible here;

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), How widespread is algorithmic management in workplaces?, December 2025, accessible here;

• João Ricardo Vasconcelos et al., GovTech Maturity Index 2025: Tracking Public Sector Digital Transformation Worldwide, The World Bank, Prosperity Insight Series, December 2025, accessible here;

• Centro Nacional de Planeamiento Estratégico (CEPLAN), Tendencias Globales: hiperconectividad digital, inteligencia artificial y transformación tecnológica, Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros, December 2025, accessible here; 

• World Health Organization (WHO), Global strategy on digital health 2020-2027, December 2025, accessible here; 

2.12.2. Europe
2.12.2.1. European Union

• European Commission, Alice Recoque - Europe's second exascale supercomputer on its way, December 2025, accessible here;

• European Parliament resolution of 17 December 2025 with recommendations to the Commission on digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work (2025/2080(INL)), P10_TA(2025)0337, December 2025, accessible here;

• Stefano De Luca, Secure connectivity for LEO satellites in the EU, European Parliamentary Research Service, European Parliament, December 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Public consultation on the Digital Fairness Act - Factual summary report, Ref. Ares(2025)11434262, December 2025, accessible here & here; 

• European Commission, Mind the Gap - Challenges and opportunities for tax compliance and tax expenditures in the EU, Taxation and Customs Union, Short Report, December 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Mind the Gap - Challenges and opportunities for tax compliance and tax expenditures in the EU, Taxation and Customs Union, Full Report, December 2025, accessible here​;

• European Commission, Mind the Gap Report - Challenges and opportunities for tax compliance and tax expenditures in the EU, Commission Staff Working Document, Methodological Note, December 2025, accessible here​;

• Clara Centeno et al., Promoting Well-being in Digital Education - Proposal for a Model of Emerging Practices, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), December 2025, accessible here;

• Committe on Legal Affairs,  Opinion on the legal basis of the The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies (2025/2079(INL)), European Parliament, December 2025, accessible here; 

• Ipsos, Flash Eurobarometer 564 - Future needs in digital education, European Commission, December 2025, accessible here; 

• Stefan Thurner & Peter Klimek, Strategic dependencies, resilience and competitiveness in EU supply chains at the firm level - On the necessity to make EU supply chain information usable as a strategic asset, European Parliament, Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit (EGOV), Directorate-General for Economy, Transformation and Industry, PE 779.855, December 2025, accessible here; 

3. Legislations, regulations, other legislative instruments
3.2. July

3.2.1. Europe

3.2.1.1. European Union

• European Commission, Proposal for a Council Regulation on amending Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 of 13 July 2021 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1488, COM(2025) 414 final, Council of the European Union, July 2025, accessible here & here; 

3.2. November

3.2.1. Europe

3.2.1.1. European Union

• European Commission, Digital Package on Simplification - Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the simplification of the digital acquis, amending Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 and Directive 2002/58/EC and Directive (EU) 2022/2555 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2022/868, Regulation (EU) 2018/1807, Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus for the digital acquis), November 2025, accessible here;

• European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union amending Regulations (EU) 2016/679, (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2018/1725, (EU) 2023/2854 and Directives 2002/58/EC, (EU) 2022/2555 and (EU) 2022/2557 as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework, and repealing Regulations (EU) 2018/1807, (EU) 2019/1150, (EU) 2022/868, and Directive (EU) 2019/1024 (Digital Omnibus), November 2025, accessible here;

3.3. December

3.3.1. Europe
3.3.1.1. European Union

• Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 26 November 2025 on the safety of toys and repealing Directive 2009/48/EC, European Union, December 2025, accessible here;

3.3.1.2. Portugal

• Presidência do Conselho de Ministros, Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.º 214/2025, Aprova o Plano de Ação da Estratégia Digital Nacional para 2026-2027 (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 214/2025, Approves the Action Plan of the National Digital Strategy for 2026-2027), Diário da República, 1.ª Série, N.º 249, December 2025, accessible here; 

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